Chemistry Assignment Essay

Metals ar tapd from ores, considering issuance to see if it is economically viable for a business to mine at a particular site. However, due to env bidmental damage and global warming, cycle has extendd globally to create a sustainable future. By exa archeological site the apostrophize and faculty expenditure of cycle and extracting aluminium we stool understand why recycle is a better choice than extracting metallic element from its ore. deal the importance of predicting yield in the identification, mining and root of commercial ore deposits Yield is the measurement of product obtained or in mining terms how much (amount) a particular metal sess be extracted from an ore (a deposit of minerals in which a commercial metal can be extracted from). Predicting yield in the attend toes of identification, mining and decline is vital to the success of a business. For a business to compete with the global markets, the investment must be profitable and in some cases sustainable to last grades into the future.Percentage composition is employ widely in the mining industries to calculate and measure the yield of particular metal from an ore. For example, haematite (Fe2O3), a compound consisting only of iron and oxygen, can theoretically farm around 70% iron temporary hookup chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), consisting only of sloven, iron and sulphur can produce theoretically 35% copper. However if we render yield as a percentage of the ore dug out, an iron ore would only verify about 16% iron and for a copper ore only contain 1-5% copper.This is be find an ore dug out of the ground contains unwanted minerals similar dirt, rocks and former(a) waste products which add to the mass of the required mineral giving a low yield percentage. Since compounds equal chalcopyrite and haematite countenance uni orchestrate composition, ores are mixtures of useful minerals and some some other waste products which have variable composition (different location will yield di fferent amounts of metals). This will affect if it is economical to mine the ore at a particular location and hence demonstrate that predicting yield is important.Predicting yield in the process of mining and descent is important, whether extracting the metal from the ore or actually mining it, because it can determine if it is profitable or not. Extraction techniques must be efficient and sustainable. Copper is extracted through roasting it with oxygen before smelting it to form liquid copper. It is then reduced by bubbling air into the liquid copper to reduce copper sulphide to copper metal. Since this sulphur dioxide doesnt escape fast enough, it forms blister copper with is 98% copper. Electrolysis is apply to refine it.Due the significant amount of energy required and the cost involved it may depend copper is unprofitable. Yet if the copper price is high, the consumption is high, location is not far from refinery plants and factories that use copper, if thither is a steady s ustainable source(abundance) of copper ore and the extraction technique is efficient plus cost efficient then a profit can be gained from the high cost of extraction, transport and the money compulsory to pay for the energy consumption. For a copper ore site to be economical it must contain at least 5% of copper or more.Haematite is extracted through reducing it with carbon monoxide to form iron (metal) which falls to the bottom of the blast furnace. Limestone is also heated in the blast furnace which decomposes and reacts with silica to form a slag that floats on the liquid iron, hence stopping iron from reacting with oxygen. High heat is needed to better iron from oxygen since iron is reactive to oxygen and sand and limestone is needed to prevent the union of these twain elements. Hence for haematite to be economically viable an ore must contain at least 20% iron as the energy needed to extract the metal is thumping and the worlds beseech for iron is great.Since iron ore pri ce is relatively high, a profit can be obtained from deposits of iron ore that contain more than 20% of iron. Hence predicting the yield of ore deposits is important to determine if it is profitable to mine. Justify the increased recycle of metals in our society and across the World recycle is a process that changes waste materials into in the buff products. In recent years, recycle of metals has increased dramatically in Australia and across the world. This is because we are more aware that recycling metals saves money, energy and causes far slight pollution compared to extracting metals from ores.This is also spurred on by the fact that our metal ore deposits are depleting (going to run out) if we mine and extract metals at this rate. Hence recycling has been encouraged by organisation resembling Planet Ark and this has helped spread the message of the benefits of recycling instead of putting money into extracting and mining ores. Reusing and recycling metals forgo us to conse rve these precious commodities so it would be available for the future generation. Demand for metals will increase as new technology will be discovered. Hence recycling is needed to return blanket old and useless appliance so it can be made it new useful products. write in code 1 It shows froth floatation Note The vast amount of water apply during the process primarily recycling metals use less energy (melting material requires the breaking of weak intermolecular bonds), water and cost less (less energy is needed to break the intermolecular bonds hence the cost will be minimised and new products with recycled material would be cheaper). Energy used in metal extraction comes from coal, oil or catalyst (as high temperatures are needed to break strong Intramolecular bonds). These fuels are non-renewable and are limited. It also releases large amounts of greenhouse gases when burnt which can cause global warming.Water is used abundantly in mining during froth floatation (figure 1). This water can be better spent for human consumption as some countries are experiencing drought and this can cause famine (Africa). Also, harmful chemicals used in the extraction of some metals can seep into the soil and water making it toxic to fauna, flora and humans (figure 1. 1). get in 1. 1 Acid mine water pollution For example, Bauxite (aluminium ore) is mined near tropical forest. This can cause irreversible damage to the environment as natural vegetation is destroyed, leaving soil bare and subjected to erosion.It can marker the land(figure 2)(removing so much soil and rock that leaves a gigantic hole in the landscape) and since some chemical process need to take place before aluminium is extracted, slag (unwanted metals) are leave behind and pollutants are released into the atmosphere adding to global warming. Figure 2 Shows a mine that is extracting metals Note The extensive invasion of the land and that it is irreversible. But recycling aluminium on the other hand doe snt scar the land. Little to no pollution occurs and natural vegetation and fauna are not disrupted.Large amounts of falderol are no produced and water is not needed. For every 1 tonne of aluminium that is recycled, 5 tonne of bauxite is conserved. Metals make up a small percentage of the ore. A large percentage of the ore is the gangue (consisting of dirt, sand and other material) which ends up in landfills. This reduces the space for cities to expand, limiting the number of farms and communities that can be developed and cause overcrowding. Recycling metals doesnt take up space hence reduces landfill, as scrap metals are mostly recycled endure to make new products.Since ores are non-renewable resources (created by the Big bang and there is no way of locomote it to Earths crust) it is conserved, reducing the amount of mines opened and environmental impacts that it is associated with. As ores high in metal concentration decrease, the cost of processing ever less pure ores increa se. To compensate for the increase in less pure ores, more must be mined. This increases the price of ores making it a valuable resource which is costly to the consumer. Recycling metals helps to lower the prices of these ores, as the metal is reused without having to mine for new ores.Metals are used worldwide for a variety of purposes from soft drink cans to aircraft bodies. Australia has recycled 63% of aluminium cans nearly two billion cans a year with a total value estimated to be 33 million dollars. America has recycled in excess of 62. 6 billion cans in the year 2004, worth more than one billion dollars back into the economy. Since recycled aluminium is exported to other countries, Australia benefits as it generate large amounts of money positively impacting on Australia economy and its benefit flowing into society.However, recycling can only be done if used material is collected from scattered location. The ore on the other hand is confined to one location (the mining site) where factories are often close by to produce products from the freshly extracted metals. But once the product hits the shelves it is scattered across many different countries and throughout communities. It is badly to keep track of all these products as some end up in landfill, waterways or in the peoples backyard.Collecting used material for recycling would cost money as trucks are needed to transport scrap metal to recycling centres. Hence energy (fuel) is needed to operate this machinery. In recent years (figure3), the media has focused on recycling aluminium drink cans because they are widely used and commonly dispersed inappropriately throughout the community. E. g. In waterways, storm drains and in the ocean. Recycling of others metal like iron, steel, copper and lead have always been significant but never reported as it is mainly used at an industrial/commercial level rather than by consumers.However since iron rust, it can be returned to the environment, but aluminium do esnt corrode (if it does, it forms an oxide layer that actually protects it from further oxidation) it ends up in landfill taking up space. The only way to get rid of it is to recycle it so it can be made into new products. Notice that recycling of lead and ferrous materials have decreased Figure 3 Shows recycling metals Notice that when metals are recycled they can be reused to make different products.Recycling is a sustainable process, saving the environment from pollution, money, conserving natural resources and reduces landfill. Energy is also reduced as recycling requires less energy than extracting a metal from its ore. This will ensure that future generations will be able to enjoy a better standard of living. Analyse information to compare the cost and energy expenditure involved in the extraction of aluminium from its ore and the recycling of aluminium The recycling of aluminium is cost-effective and uses less energy compared to extraction of aluminium from bauxite.To extrac t bauxite, land must be cleared for mining. Heavy equipment like bulldozers, hydraulic excavators and explosives are used to clear and mine the ore. These equipment cost considerable amount of money and use vast amount of energy (fuel) to operate. Transporting trucks, ships, railway cars are used to transport ores to extracting facilities or shipped to other countries cost money and once more energy (fuel) is needed to power these machines. Notice the size of the person compared to the truck.