Importance of Minor Characters in Shakespear Essay

In the main plot of Shakespeare’s famous play Hamlet, Hamlet’s father, the king, is murdered, and as a result, Hamlet swears revenge and ultimately succumbs to madness. Hamlet plays the role of the protagonist, while his uncle, Claudius, serves as the antagonist of the story. Besides the two main characters, there are a number of secondary characters, of unusual importance both to the action and to the themes of the play. Many of the themes of the play, including decay and corruption, revenge, and appearance vs. eality, are outlined through the description and progression of the secondary characters. Shakespeare creates minor characters Ophelia, the ghost and Polonius to play a very crucial role in Hamlet as they shape the thematic elements of the play. The character of Ophelia plays the role of Hamlet’s love interest and is easily manipulated by her family; portraying various themes of the play through her actions and behaviour. At the onset of the play Ophelia appears to have her wits about her, with the ability to be objective and coherent when she recognizes the mad behaviour of Hamlet. In act 3 scene 1 during a contentious conversation between Ophelia and Hamlet, he expresses his disgust with Ophelia and women in general, insisting that â€Å"it hath made me mad†. Ophelia is able to identify the frantic behaviour of Hamlet proclaiming â€Å"oh what a noble mind is here o’erthrown! † Although Ophelia is of sound mind during this portion of the play, she quickly spirals out of control, losing her mind as a result of the murder of her father. Ophelia’s insanity is witnessed during act 4 scene 5 when she proceeds to sing everything she says â€Å"How can you tell the difference between you true lover and some other? Ophelia’s madness is also described by Horatio when he tells the queen â€Å"she is importunate, indeed distract†¦ says she hears there’s tricks I’ th’ world, and hems, and beats her heart, spurns enviously at straws, speaks things in doubt that carry but hald sense†. The tragic downfall of Ophelia depicted in the play illustrates the theme of decay and corruption. The ghost of Hamlets dead father, King Hamlet, drives Hamlets determination to avenge his father, setting the revenge plot into motion, a major theme in the play. Upon Hamlet and the ghost’s first meeting, he informs Hamlet of his father’s horrible murder by Claudius, encouraging him to avenge the king â€Å"revenge his foul and most unnatural murder†. Before even explaining to Hamlet the details of the murder Hamlet insists â€Å"haste me to know’t, that I, with wings as swift as meditation or the thoughts of love, may sweep my revenge†, driving the action of the play forward and initiating the theme. Although Hamlet swears to get revenge quickly his procrastination and uncertainty prevents him from achieving his goal. When Hamlet begins to veer away from his attempt to kill Claudius, obsessing over his mother’s behaviour, the ghost returns to remind him of his true purpose â€Å"do not forget. This visitation is but to whet thy almost blunted purpose†. The ghost is a constant reminder throughout the play of the theme of revenge, encouraging Hamlet to avenge his father. At the beginning of Hamlet, Polonius is introduced as the father of Laertes and Ophelia and is later revealed to illustrate the theme of appearance vs. reality. Polonius’ has the appearance of a well natured wise old man yet in reality he is a poor excuse for a man who’s obsessed with self gain. Polonius enjoys giving advice, including â€Å"this above all: to thine ownself be true, and it must follow, as the night the day, thou canst not then be false to any man†, insisting that if you are true to yourself, you cannot deceive anyone else. In reality, Polonius is in no position to be preaching about honesty and truthfulness, due to his shady behaviour spying on his children and Hamlet. Polonius presents himself as a very caring father, concerned about his children; however, in an attempt to keep an eye on his son, Laertes, he does not consider the possible repercussions of his plan. Polonius instructs his servant to spread rumors about his son, in the hopes of possibly discovering Laertes’s true behavior, disregarding Reynaldo’s protest that â€Å"that would dishonour him! † Due to his constant use of subterfuge, the character Polonius is one of the play’s best examples of the major theme of appearance vs. reality. It is uncommon in pieces of literature for secondary characters to be of such importance, both to the action and to the themes, as they are in Hamlet. The themes of the play, including decay and corruption, revenge, and appearance vs. reality, are highlighted through the description and progression of the secondary characters. Shakespeare creates minor characters Ophelia, the ghost and Polonius with the intention for them to play a very crucial role in Hamlet; shaping the thematic elements of the play. Secondary characters are often used in a play to supplement the main characters and the story line; however Shakespeare creates them with a much greater importance to reveal the themes of the play.

Response to the Right Stuff Essay

David Suzuki in his essay â€Å"The Right Stuff† stresses the importance of sex education and human biology, in the course of science, in high schools. He urges that in high schools sex education should be taught first than any other subject. Suzuki argues that the impressions made in high school are very deep and are unforgotten than any other stage of life, so in this age, whatever they will learn, will always remember and will be very beneficial throughout their life. So, he urges the need of educating human sexuality in high school. Although Suzuki’s idea of teaching sex education in high school is interesting, the argument he makes is less than convincing. Suzuki’s main purpose for writing essay is reflecting the importance of sex education in high schools. He wants that science education in high schools should be taught practically and in more interesting way. He argues that the students in high school are enough mature to understand about sex education, an d the lessons they learn at high schools will be helpful for their whole life and they will always remember those lessons. He says that all students do not choose science course at university level, so sex education needs to be taught in high schools. He informs that the students are interested and pay more attention towards the topics of human biology, drugs, and sex, so in science class sex education should be taught first. Suzuki in his essay uses the information from his personal knowledge and from his science background. He sees everything in a scientific way because of a science background, and suggests teachers that first they go through practically from every subject in science before teaching to students. He also wants in high schools, sex education should be plan around human biology. The major part of the essay covered his personal narration, which is his visit to a small town to judge a science fair. Suzuki also uses some information in his essay, from the book â€Å"Is There Life After High School?† that he read and some given by a high school teacher of a small town about the interes t of students towards sex, drugs and cars. The consequences of Suzuki’s reasoning are that some of the parents and religious persons maybe on the other side because maybe they do not want that their children know about sex education, that is why, they may be disagree. On the other side, if students get all the information regarding sex in their early age at high school, they might be grow too quickly, and probably get into sexual activities in their young age. In some of the religions, sex education is not allowed in high schools, if it kept compulsory in schools, so maybe some religions will oppose it. And also students may not pay much attention to other subjects, or they start watching erotic films, so that will affect their life. In his essay, Suzuki does not provide strong evidences to support his idea. He first describes the life of students in high school and the changes occur in that period, then he suddenly shifts to his personal experience in a small northern town with 400 high school students. But his main points are not properly argued. Suzuki wants sex education to be taught in high school, but he didn’t think about the bad impact of that education on students. Some students will probably do a lot of bad things, which they don’t need to do, if they will get the knowledge about sex in their teenage. So, his main point is not convincing.

The Steele of Naram-Sin and the palette of Narmer Assignment

The Steele of Naram-Sin and the palette of Narmer - Assignment Example In both art pieces, the Kings get depicted as deity and religious views of the ancient Egyptians. The Steele shows Naram-Sin wearing a helmet with horns signifying his divine power. Through his divine power, it appears okay for him to violently rule over those against him. The Steele also shows Naram-Sin looking up towards the sky. He looks at the suns above the mountains probably signifying a greater power than him. It appears he is showing respect to God. The palette shows the religious and ritualistic side of the ancient Egyptians. On the backside of the palette of Narmer, there is a sandal bearer next to Narmer who holds his sandals. This implies that Narmer is standing on holy ground. Narmer stands on holy ground before slaying his captive. This implies that Narmer is about to perform a holy act that is right by the gods eyes. He appears as a deity who gets allowed to perform such slaying rituals. At the top of the palette, there is the heads of Harthor who is a goddess of the h eavens, women, and a protector of the king. The inscriptions on the palette ascribe to the religious beliefs of the Egyptians.The victory Steele shows victory over the Lullubi mountain people while the Palette signifies the unification of ancient lower and Upper Egypt On the Steele, Naram-Sin climbs up the top of a mountain followed by a fleet of his soldiers who walk over their enemies. The Steele gets used to depict Naram-Sin’s conquest of the Lullubi mountain people. The king on the Steele tramples on the bodies of his enemies. who lie below him. The palette of Narmer represents the unification of the ancient two Egyptian kingdoms into one. On the backside of the palette, Narmer adorns the white crown of Upper Egypt. On the opposite end of the palette, he wears the red crown of Lower Egypt (Fred 42). Wearing both crowns on the same palette indicates that he is the ruler of both kingdoms. There is also presence of the papyrus plant which represents Lower Egypt. The front si de of the palette has two feline type beasts that get intertwined. This further signifies unity

Summary of the Key Points in Buddhism and Christiniaty Assignment

Summary of the Key Points in Buddhism and Christiniaty - Assignment Example On the other hand, Christianity better understands the ‘Sunyata’, a Buddhism principle. The point of clarity achieved is crucial in resisting Nihilism and scientism forms of religion2. Abe arrives at a point of clarity where the core of religion does not fall in doctrine but in contact with reality. The writer demystifies emptiness and nothingness as understood in traditional Christianity and western culture. According to Abe, Suchness becomes possible only in the realm of emptiness. Nothingness becomes a thing by itself3. Marjorie continues to expound the relationship between Buddhism and Christianity in the fourth chapter of the book. In his understanding, Marjorie expounds Abe’s view of God as everlasting self-emptying phenomena4. Just like Heinrich, in the third chapter, Marjorie demystifies the western approach that takes God as an ultimate self and thus contradicting Sunyata principle. To get our own profound understanding, the writer also emphasizes that th ere is a great need to study other religions5. The writer comes to a point of agreement with Abe on the principle of otherness. The writer affirms Abe’s work on Trinity and Sunyata. Sunyata can only achieve its emptying by embracing true otherness. Marjorie closes his argument by citing that dialogue should not aim at converting. It creates room for enrichment and a fuller understanding of the others, and consequently us. ... This corresponds to Abe's Sunyata of God emptying himself, an expression of divine love. Hans hopes that the discussion between Buddhism and Christianity converges at a point where people of both opinions exercise self-denial and self-surrender for the sake of those who stumble along the way7. The writer feels dissatisfied with Abe's exposition of Sunyata and Kenosis. He feels some questions do not have satisfactory answers and refers to Nishitani. According to Hans, Nishitani's view conflicts the Kenosis by upholding the essence of personal and impersonal. Nishitani brings to life the high esteem held by western thinkers about persona. Kenosis, to Nishitani, is a matter of behavior and attitudes in contrast to conceptualization. Abe's concept of love is vague according to Hans's comparison with Nishitani's work. Nishitani clearly emphasizes on non-differentiating love as being the true nature of God rather than the process of self-emptying advocated by Abe's Kenosis. Hans also revis its the work of Karl Rahner who advocates the issue of God experience. Several conclusions suffice; Rahner's experiential basis of theology is the datum, basic existence of human life has two tensions. One tension relates to experience and communication while the other relates to theory and action. Human beings end up talking about things that can never form an object of knowledge. The attempt to harmonize beliefs of people from different backgrounds calls for mutual understanding, which calls for the sacrificing of single identity8. Christopher Ives explores Sunyata and the Realm of Ethics in the sixth chapter of the book. He affirms that Abes exposition on the forces challenging current day religion to be both insightful and valuable in redeeming the threatened Christian

Baroque and Classic Periods Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Baroque and Classic Periods - Research Paper Example Baroque era saw the transition of music from the traditional to the classical. It was marked with composer expanding the range and size of the instrumental performance. The most prominent composers of the era include Johann Sebastian Bach, Antonio Vivaldi, George Frideric Handel, Arcangelo Corelli, etc. New instrumental playing techniques were developed in this era. Classical era stressed more on the form and symmetry in the arts. The elaborate ornamentation from baroque era gave way to elegance and simplicity in the classical era. The prominent composers of the classical era were Ludwig van Beethoven, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Antonio Salieri, Christoph Willibald Gluck, etc. Following are the six pieces from the two eras that make my list that will be included in the time capsule: Air on a G String Air on a G String is work of Johann Sebastian Bach, not just the greatest composer of his era but one of the greatest composers of all time. This is originally a part of orchestral suite N o. 3 in D major, BWV 1068. A simple composition is a master piece for the fact that it is played only on the G string. The name â€Å"Air on a G string† was derived later in the 19th century when arrangements were made August Wilhelmj to play the original with a piano and violin, and the same name stuck to the original. The expression of ideas and feelings is extraordinary. Rhapsody Link: http://www.rhapsody.com/artist/various-artists/album/bach-for-the-brain-classical-music-to-make-you-smarter/track/air-on-a-g-string. Messiah by Handel Messiah composed by George Fredric Handel is an oratorio. This is one of the best-known works of Handel and one of the most performed Western Music coral works. Handel with numerous compositions defined the Baroque era along with Bach. The beauty of the piece is that it was composed for modest instruments and vocals. There was a deliberate change in direction with this composition as it did not resemble the conventional opera structure. This i s a master piece as it broke away from the conventional style and started a new way. It did not have any direct speech or takes any dramatic form. The main purpose of was to acclaim the â€Å"mystery of Godliness†. Also this makes the list for the time capsule because of its subject: Jesus Christ as the Messiah. Rhapsody Link: http://www.rhapsody.com/artist/george-frideric-handel/album/handel-messiah. â€Å"Spring† from the Concerto series ‘The Four Seasons’ Composed by Antonio Vivaldi, considered to be one of the greatest Baroque composers, â€Å"Spring† is a part of a set of 4 violin concertos. This is considered to be one of the best works of Vivaldi and is a popular piece from the era. It is cast in 3 movements like others in the set. Vivaldi has beautifully depicted scenes and events through this master piece. The music is imaginative and brings the event to life by adding vividry through short sonnets. Prior to Vivaldi, violin was not consider ed as a solo instrument but it was this work that brought violin from the background to the center. The pictorial depiction of spring season is an example of Vivaldi’s genius. In the first movement, the coming of the spring season is glorified while in the second movement we hear continuous barking of the shepherd’s dog. Rhapsody Link: http://www.rhapsody.com/artist/various-artists/album/classical-moods---100-top-classical-favorites-of-all-time-big-eye-music/track/spring-from-the-four-seasons---violin-concerto-in-e-major. Concerto for Flute and

Critical Incident Analysis Definition, Models and Frameworks Essay

Critical Incident Analysis Definition, Models and Frameworks - Essay Example In doing critical incident analysis, several models have been offered. Models serve as frameworks that will guide the person in analysing the event. It is the paradigm in which the event is made understandable. In other words, model is the lens that people use as they try to understand and make sense of their experiences of the world. As mentioned, the event acts as the precipitator of the analysis. However, the reflection in critical incident is not just a reflection of one’s self per se. It is deemed as reflection of one’s self in the context of one’s work. It is a purposive looking into the event and after the event in order to arrive at the possible things that can be learned from the critical incident. In this regard, the ethos behind undertaking analysis/reflection of the critical incident is to arrive at knowledge that can be gleaned from what had happened. This is made possible because reflection becomes an â€Å"active, persistent and careful considerat ion of any belief or supposed form of knowledge in light of the grounds that support it". For this paper, Gibbs Model (1988) has been chosen because it affords a step-by-step approach in doing reflection. It is holistic as encompass all the essential elements in the incident – the critical incident, the person, the things learned and the action. Lastly, the model allows for a continuous re-evaluation of the incident and as such, the model makes room for filtering and    re-assessment of the events and the actions undertaken.... In this regard, the ethos behind undertaking analysis/reflection of the critical incident is to arrive at knowledge that can be gleaned from what had happened. This is made possible because reflection becomes an â€Å"active, persistent and careful consideration of any belief or supposed form of knowledge in light of the grounds that support it and the further consequences to which it leads† (Dewey 1933, p. 9). The Choice: Gibb’s Model For this paper, Gibbs Model (1988) has been chosen because it affords a step-by-step approach in doing reflection. It is holistic as encompass all the essential elements in the incident – the critical incident, the person, the things learned and the action. Lastly, the model allows for a continuous re-evaluation of the incident and as such, the model makes room for filtering and re-assessment of the events and the actions undertaken. Description: What Happened? The patient was considered in critical condition because of the patient ’s suicidal tendency. As a plan of action, the patient was given a one-on-one CNA to protect the patient from self-harm. However, despite the ‘guarding’, the patient was able to commit suicide. Feelings: What did you feel? I felt fear, anguish and worry all coming together trying to find the answer, how could it happen? It was numbing. I felt and knew that when the tasks is to care for the patient, a care that is developed and built on knowledge, technical skills and ability to perform one’s duty to the utmost of your ability, something like that do not happen. However, why it happened? I felt terrible during that incident because the patient was able to commit suicide when the major care plan was to watch the

HUMAN RESOURCES IN ACTION Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

HUMAN RESOURCES IN ACTION - Assignment Example Jobseekers would evaluate the requirements of particular jobs before engaging in the application process of such jobs. This paper analyses the websites of Fairmont Hotels and Resorts and DoubleTree by Hilton, henceforth referred to as Fairmont and DoubleTree respectively, to determine how their effectiveness in meeting the needs of jobseekers. Overview of the Chosen Companies Fairmont operates luxury hotels and resorts in nineteen countries around the world. Founded in 1907, its headquarters is in Canada (http://www.fairmont.com/). Founded in 1969, DoubleTree is a hotel global brand with presence in over 325 locations in five continents (http://doubletree3.hilton.com/en/index.html). Its headquarters is in Virginia, US. These companies have incorporated the capabilities of information technology into their human resources functions, both leveraging on their website capabilities. Interestingly, both hotels have Taleo as their website developer. Being in the hospitality industry, the ho mepage of each of the websites provide convenient navigation for customers seeking to make bookings or to directly contact the companies, each displaying not only their traditional telephone numbers and postal addresses but also the addresses of their various social network subscriptions. Important to this task would be the careers tab which appears on both websites enabling the companies get in touch with potential employees. Evaluation of the Careers Tabs on the Websites It would be noted that the careers tab on each of the websites appear in small font and would not be easy to note as compared to other tabs such as those on about the companies and the offers available. This could be interpreted as the companies’ greater interest in attracting customers as opposed to interest in attracting others players in its distribution chain, including potential employees. Since the tab appears at the bottom of the homepage in each website, the jobseeker would be required to scroll dow n the webpage, making it a difficult to navigate to this webpage. The careers tab leads to web pages that give descriptions on the careers available in each of the companies. Fairmont headlines this webpage as ‘an extraordinary company; an extraordinary career’ with the ‘extraordinary’ emphasized by bolding. This could be a strategy to assure jobseekers of their prowess in the industry. To further attract the best pool of skills, the company encourages one to click on their ‘search position’ tab to identify exciting job opportunities. DoubleTree’s strategy for capturing the best skills in the market involves wording, introducing itself as the â€Å"most recognizable hotel brand in virtually every region of the world.† Fairmont’s website career tab has minimal information on job opportunities. It prompts one to search for available opportunities. Therefore, unless one is searching for a specific vacancy, no general informati on on career opportunities would be available, as filled in positions would return no meaningful results. It would be interesting to however note that the website has an option of one creating a profile based on which email alerts would be delivered every time an opportunity that matches such a profile arises. DoubleTree on the other hand provides much more information based on what the job seeker is looking for. It categorizes its careers into regions and level of professional qualification. Therefore, depending on what a job seeker is loo

European Union Trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

European Union Trade - Essay Example Established by Article 113 [133] of the Treaty of Rome, Common Commercial Policies therefore took shape in 1961 to safeguard the common interests of the EU nations (Bretherton & Vogler, 1999). This effectively meant that the EU region will act as one country while dealing with any other country/ organisation for trade and commercial interests. But the commonness envisaged within the policy kept eluding the European community for many years, because of the changes that the world went through during the period and the conflicts of economic interests within the EU nations. The delay in settling for a common European Monetary unit (EMU) is one such example. Euro, the common currency came into being in 1999, but Bordo and Jonung (1999) reported about some observer's apprehensions about EMU itself citing the lack of a central authority supervising the financial systems of EMU. The Common Commercial Policy expected a degree of autonomy and competitiveness from the member states, which has b een achieved with limited success so far, as is evident from OECD (2007) 'EU country note', which states that competition in network industries remains patchy while implementation of the liberalization policies by individual countries are not in sync with the EU level as a whole. Bretherton & Vogler (1999) further suggest that the common commercial policy calls for common policies on tariff rates, international negotiations, liberalization, exports and trade protection measures; all based on uniform principles. Despite the differences in policy implementations, perception and other interests, today with a share of 18.10% in Goods and 26.4% in services, EU is a major trading partner with the world community, as is evident from the charts below. Fig-1: Share of EU in world trade1 Roarty (1996) states that in order to minimize the differences on trade barriers, efforts were also made in 1993 by creating a Single European Market (SEM). SEM's stated objective was to eliminate the non-tariff barriers restricting competition and resulting in fragmented European market. OECD (2007) points out that the income gap between EU and USA has kept widening since 1990 on account of decelerating growth in productivity and improper labor utilization by some of the larger countries in the EU. Wallace & Wallace (2000) point out towards a fundamental shortcoming in the framework of EU policy making. According to them, "Most studies of the EU concentrate on describing what happens in and through the special institutions of the EU, located in Brussels, Luxembourg, and Strasbourg: the European Commission; the Council of the EU; the European Council; the EP; and the ECJ. However, we should be careful not to regard these EU institutions as existing in a vacuum. Most of the policy-makers who devise and operate EU rules and legislation are from the member states themselves. They are people who spend the majority of their time as national policy-makers, for whom the European dimension is an extended policy arena, not a separate activity." Bretherton & Vogler (1999) also state that though the Common Commercial Policy has evolved through a complex interaction between the shifting composition of international trade, the external demands of various GATT rounds and adjudicative decisions of the European Court of

Monitoring Risk Response Actions for Effective Project Risk Management Case Study

Monitoring Risk Response Actions for Effective Project Risk Management in Western Oceanography Institute - Case Study Example The explanation for the problem experienced by Dr. Simons geothermal assessment program would be that the program may not be compatible with the new system, thus it would be reconfigured otherwise, to become compatible, or a new program similar to that would be installed for his use. The problem that Young made is the failure to ensure perfect installation of electrical wiring, which contributed to the unnecessary delay. She also contributed to the problem by failing to investigate all the staff computers in advance, to ensure that sufficient space had been created, all unnecessary files removed and the necessary program reconfiguration is done, to ensure they were compatible with the new system. She could have managed the conversion better, by ensuring that all the necessary preparations were done well in advance, to prevent the unnecessary delays. She could have also managed it better by collaborating fully with all the staff and seeking their approval of the project (Kujawski, 361). This way, they would have taken it as their responsibility, to prepare all the requirements to have the project succeed. Collaboration and seeking approval of all the stakeholders in a project is essential for a project to succeed (Kujawski, 357).

W3 Disc Incentive Programs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

W3 Disc Incentive Programs - Essay Example ling to leave for boot camp as soon as possible, for advanced civilian skills, electing to defer their enlistment and more† (Army Bonus and Incentive Overview, 2010, p. 1). According to Cokins (2009), the three components of an effective incentive system are as follows: (1) involvement of employees; (2) setting SMART objectives; and (3) recognition of performance of employees according to well-designed standards. As such, after evaluating the incentive program of the U.S. Army, it could be deduced that the three components are duly integrated. For instance, the Partnership for Youth SuccesS (PAYS) ensures future employment to those who joined the Army through the partner organizations (Partnership for Youth Success (PAYS), n.d.). This program ensures involvement of the members; setting objectives of gaining employment after the service; and giving due recognition to those who served the Army through the provision of ready employment to partner organizations. Overall, the U.S. Army has designed effective incentive programs to those who serve their country, through the presence of the three components, as above noted. As such, a continued supply of qualified and competent recruits and soldiers are being developed and maintained with the provision of monetary and non-monetary awards to them and to their family

Great Depression of Two Countries in the Region Essay Example for Free

Great Depression of Two Countries in the Region Essay Compare and contrast the response to the Great Depression of two countries in the region. The outbreak of the Great Depression in 1929 caused economic hardship for society in the Americas. World trade was quelled and the consequences devastated the United States of America and Canada. Both countries suffered a breakdown in world trade and resulted in a decrease of domestic revenue. The governments were tasked with restoring an economy that faced a 40% and 37% drop in their GDP in Canada and the U. S respectively. Additionally the increased rates of unemployment heightened the difficult situation. In 1933-34 during the hardest parts of the depression, Canada faced 28% unemployment and the US 25% forcing the government to act on various policies and inevitably spending on recovery. The long term laissez faire approach from the government had to be reconsidered and simply instilling austerity measures were not going to be effective in balancing the federal budget. The attitudes of ‘business of America is business’ was also evident in the initial Canadian response. Similar to Herbert Hoover of the U.S, Prime Minister Mackenzie King believed that the crisis was a passing phase and refused to provide federal aid. This was partly attributed to the fact that Canada was already in debt due to expansion of infrastructure and education during the 1920s and only introduced moderate relief efforts. Hoover’s highly economically republican outlook was not popular and by 1932 Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected President. Correspondingly in Canada a new Prime Minister; Richard B. Bennett was tasked with alleviating the situation. Roosevelt initiated a New Deal, which would provide America with relief, recovery and reform from the economic depression. In response to the Great Depression Congress accelerated its tariff policies, culminating in the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act of 1934 which enabled the President to negotiate tariff reductions on a bilateral basis. In an angered response to the Smoot–Hawley tariff of republican government in 193 0, the Mackenzie government welcomed the British introduction of trade protectionism and a system of Commonwealth preference during 1931-32. In addition Canadian congress retaliated by raising its own rates on American imports. However this was not sustainable in the long run as the Canadian export economy had a dependence on a few primary products as it shrank by 50%. The worst hit industries such as farming, mining and logging saw prices collapses with little opportunity to find another job. In 1935 the Bennett Government eventually initiated a Canadian New Deal. Mirroring the ideas of Roosevelt, Industrial Standards Act was designed to bring Canadian workers and employers together under the auspices of the state to establish minimum wages and work standards. In America between1933-4 the National Recovery Administration also encouraged competitive wages to encourage spending and purchasing power for society. Roosevelt was also successful in his Job creation policies. In 1933 ‘Alphabet agencies’ were designed to put people back into work and in turn reducing unemployment. The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC ) made it possible for 3 million young men to develop national and state park systems. Contrary to the highly capitalist system in America the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) was set up to give relief to the unemployed with a budget of 500 million dollars. In contrast the Canadian government were comparatively more unsuccessful in creating more jobs. The bailout of the Canadian National railway took the debt to a further debt of $2 billion and while losing popularity Bennett could only settle for minimum wage, unemployment insurance programs. These efforts were largely unsuccessful; the provinces challenged the rights of the federal government to manage these programs. A return of the Mackenzie King government in 1935 meant a turning point in Canadian–American economic relations. The government passed the 1935 Reciprocal Trade Agreement undoing the devastating trade war of 1930–31. The second new deal from the Roosevelt government added changes to labour policy. The Works Progress Administration became the most significant relief agency in the New Seal. It received $4.8 billion and was particularly noteworthy in helping women, artists, young people and the African American population. During Roosevelt’s tenure unemployment rate returned to 9% and continue to fall until the Second World War. Along with the fiscal strategies used by the American government there was also a prominent use of monetary policy to help the recovery. In the Gold reserve Act of 1914, the dollar was pegged to the price of Gold at $35 an ounce, making exports considerably cheaper and imports cheaper. In another attempt Federal silver supply was increased to 30% of Gold’s stock to raise prices Silver Purchase Act of 1914. Moreover Bennetts government created legislation to establish the Bank of Canada to regulate monetary policy; in 1935 the Canadian wheat board was created to market and establish a minimum floor price for wheat. In actuality the monetary strategies had little impact as they were not radical enough. On the other hand Premier of Alberta William Aberhart felt like farmers were being exploited by high society in Toronto and Montreal. His radical and evangelist stance led to Social Credit movement 1932 to handing out a dividend of $25 a month to every man and woman. This ultimately failed but Aberhart did pass a Debt Adjustment Act in 1936 that cancelled all the interest on mortgages since 1932 and limited all interest rates on mortgages to 5%. This was an indication of some of the far-reaching changes that were needed to drive growth. The Canadian recovery can also be credited to the foundation CRBC- Canadian radio broadcasting council 1932. The depression was not just an economic term but also a feeling; in order to raise spirit and keep morale high the radio was used as an escape for the Canadian people. Conversely the productivity in the U.S recovered much quicker while the labour force sustained a melancholy feeling. Canada’s Crown in council also helped to create another national corporation; Bank of Canada. It was used to regulate currency and credit which had been badly managed amongst citizens. Another goal of the BOC was to serve as a private banker’s bank and to help the government on its own debts and financial matters as it eventually steered Canada to prosperity after the Second World War. This coincided with the recovery in American economy which created a better market for exports and a new inflow of much need capital.

Qualities A Person Must Possess Essay Example for Free

Qualities A Person Must Possess Essay In this fast paced world , highly competitive labour market and lesser jobs for every individuals , Sometimes it becomes very hard for a person to get a good job for himself if he does not possess good qualities required from him . Every individual is born with some qualities but one cannot say that those qualities are the best and suited for all jobs . For different jobs different types of qualities are required from a person such as for a student , commitment towards his studies is the most important aspect that can lead him/her to success . If a student has a quality of being committed to his studies then he will never give priority to any other task other than studies and will be fully absorbed in it until he gets what he wants . Apart from that there are some qualities that are equally important in any field of work you are doing . In this essay I will focus on three particular qualities I have identified that a person practicing in the field of work you want to go into must possess. The first quality that I have identified as important for a person doing any type of work is Communication skills . Communication skills means Ability to communicate with other people. It includes Oral and written both mood of communication. A person who is able to communicate effectively and with confidence is said to have a good Communication skills. This type of skill is almost required in any field of work, whether it is military , teaching , marketing or finance . Here it is important to note that Knowing good English doesn’t mean a person is a good communicator but how and when he uses a particular word or phrase can tell if a person is good communicator or not . Suppose if a marketing manager wants to tell his boos that the product Is in declining phase but says that the product is not liked by the customer anymore will entirely just change the whole meaning. Therefore in order to success in any field of work ability to communicate effectively can be considered as the most important quality. (Alessandra , 2002) Pressure Handling is another quality that employees should possess. Having pressure handling quality means controlling oneself when the pressure of work is tremendous. A person whose work and dealing with other people remains unaffected even when he has a lot of work to complete is said to have a good pressure handling quality. There are many fields of work where individuals remains in pressure of work, some of the jobs are management, labor working in factory, freelance writing, etc.. Moreover A person who has been on a job for years will feel less pressure towards his job as compare to a person who is recently employed. Suppose if there are two project managers, A and B, A has been recently hired and is a fresh graduate and B has been working for 10 years in the same field. Because of difference in experience, Manager A will have more pressure from his jobs, his personal life and professional life will both be disturbed whereas manager B will do the work without effecting is personal and professional life. Fortunately this quality can also be learned through books and experience Third and Last quality that I have identified is of Emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence is a new phenomena but a very important one especially for decision makers Emotional intelligence means how intelligently a person behaves when emotions comes in between. A person who makes a wrong decision when an emotion is involved means that the person is not emotionally intelligent. We encounter plenty of situations in our daily lives when we don’t act logically but emotionally. We buy cars for young children even when we know that the child is not big enough to drive it. Decision over Laying off an close employee when he has committed a wrong deed can only be made by a person who is emotionally intelligent because he knows that it can hurt the organization’s reputation very badly. (Alessandra , 2002) Any field of work you want to go into you must possess some qualities that will differentiate you from the rest of the employees. Qualities like good Communication skills, Pressure Handling and Emotional Intelligent are some of those qualities. At the same time we should always keep in mind that a person is not born with all the qualities but he can learn it anytime during his lifetime

Estimation of Desloratidine and Montelukast by UV

Estimation of Desloratidine and Montelukast by UV SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF DESLORATIDINE AND MONTELUKAST IN COMBINED PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM BY UV SPECTROSCOPY ETTA.NAVEEN KUMAR*, D.SIREESHA, VASUDHA BAKSHI. ABSTRACT: A simple, accurate,precise and economical procedure for simultaneous estimation of Desloratidine and Montelukast in combined tablet dosage form has been developed utilizing concept of simultaneous equation method. The method is based upon determination of Desloratidine at 269nm and Montelukast at 283nm in methanol. Different analytical parameters such as linearity, precision, accuracy and ruggedness were determined according to ICH guidelines. Deslortidine and Montelukast at their respective wavelength shows linearity in the concentration range of 5-30 mcg/ml and 2-22mcg/ml.respectively.The method was validated statistically. The results of analysis formulation given as percentage of label claim were found to be 100.4% and 101.% for Desloratidine and Montelukast respectively. Therefore, the proposed method can be used for the routine analysis of both drugs simultaneously in quality control laboratories. Keywords : Desloratidine, Montelukast,simultaneous estimation, methanol INTRODUCTION: Desloratidine(DES) is chemically 8- chloro-6, 11-dihydro-11-(4-piperdinylidene)- 5H benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine.Desloratidine is a anti- histamine clinically effective drug in the treatment of Asthama. It is soluble in methanol, ethanol, water and practically insoluble in acetonitrile. Montelukast (MON),is2-[1-({[(1R)-1-{03-[(E)-2-(7-chloroquinolin-2-yl)ethenyl]phenyl}-3-[2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-)phenyl]propyl]sulfanyl}methyl)cyclopropyl]acetic acid is a widely used as Anti-arrhythmatic and Anti-asthamatic agents. Montelukast and Desloratidine is available in combined dosage forms as film coated tablets (MONDESLOR). Each tablet contains 10mg of Montelukast and 5 mg of Desloratidine. It is used for the treatment of Asthma. For this combination derivative spectroscopic methods and reverse phase liquid chromatographic methods are reported. However ,there is no work reported on combination of these drugs by simultaneous equation method. Hence fast, simple, and accurate spectrophotometric method was developed by applying simultaneous equation method, for the simultaneous estimation of both the drugs in tablet dosage form by uv spectrophotometry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: INSTRUMENT SPECIFICATIONS: UV Spectrophotometer, Shimadzu, model 1800 CHEMICALS AND REAGENTS: Methanol obtained from local market, manufactured Pure Deslortadine and Montelukast were obtained as gift sample from Gujarat organics Ltd,Gujarat;The tablet dosage form MONDESLOR( claim: 10mg Montelukast and 5mg Desloratidine) was procured from local market. PREPARATION OF STANDARD STOCK SOLUTIONS: The 10 mg of standard Montelukast and Desloratidinewere weighed accurately and transferred into 100 ml volumetric flasks seperately. They were dissolved in methanol and diluted up to the mark by using the solvent methanol to obtain a final concentration of 100ÃŽ ¼g/ml. The resulting solutions were used as a working standard solutions. The aliquot portion of stock solutions of Montelukast and Desloratidine were diluted approximately with methanol to obtain concentration of 10 mcg/ml of each drugs.These solutions were scanned in the range of 200-400 nm in 1cm cell against blank .From the overlain spectra the wavelength selected for the estimation are 269 nm and 283nm for montelukast and desloratidine respectively. PREPARATION OF SAMPLE SOLUTIONS For analysis of commercial formulations 20 tablets (MONDESLOR) each cantaining 10mg of montelukast and 5mg of desloratidine were accurately weighed and the average weight was calculated and finely powdered.A quantity equivalent to 10mg of montelukast dissolved in methanol in 100ml volumetric flask and to it 5mg of desloratidine was added(standard addition method). sonicated to dissolve it completely and volume was made to the mark with methanol .mixed well and filtered through 0.45Â µm filter to get the final concentration of 100Â µg/ml. finally 10mcg/ml working concentration of each desloratidine and montelukast was prepared. This solution was scanned over the range of 200-400 nm ,using two sampling wavelengths 269nm and 283nm determined the concentration of these drugs in tablet formulation Using the formula. CDES = A2ay1-A1ay2/ax2 ay1-ax1ay2 CMON = A1ay2 A2ax1/ax2ay1-ax1ay2 A1 = absorbance of formulation at 269nm. A2 = absorbance of formulation at 283 nm. ax1 = absorptivity of Desloratidine at 269 nm. ax2 = absorptivity of Desloratidine at 283 nm. ay1 = absorptivity of Montelukast at 269 nm. ay2 = absorptivity of Montelukast at 283 nm. CDES = concentration of Desloratidine. CMON = concentration of Montelukast. VALIDATION OF THE METHOD: 1) LINEARITY: Standard stock solution of Montelukast and Desloratidine: 10 mg of montelukast and desloratidine were accurately weighed and transferred into a clean and dry 100 ml volumetric flasks, dissolved with sufficient volume of methanol seperately .The volume was then made up to 100 ml with methanol to obtain the concentration of 100 ÃŽ ¼g/ml. Working standard solution: The aliquot portion of the stock solution was diluted approximately with methanol to get a concentration of 2-22 mcg/ml of montelukast and 5-30mcg/ml of desloratidine. Serial dilutions of concentration range were prepared from the working standard solution. These dilutions were scanned at the detection wavelength of 269 nm and 283nm using methanol as blank. The regression equation, Y- intercept and correlation coefficient were calculated. The linearity was thus determined and the concentration range was selected. 2) LIMIT OF DETECTION AND LIMIT OF QUANTITATION: The LOD and LOQ were separately determined based on calibration curve. The residual standard deviation of a regression line or the standard deviation of y- intercepts of regression lines were used to calculate the LOD and LOQ. I. Formula for LOD (ÃŽ ¼g/ml); LOD = 3.3 x SD / S Where, SD = The standard deviation of the response S = The slope of the calibration curve (mean) II. Formula for LOQ (ÃŽ ¼g/ml); LOQ = 10 x SD / S Where, SD = The standard deviation of the response S = The slope of the calibration curve (mean) 3) ACCURACY: The accuracy of the method was ascertained by carrying out recovery studies using standard addition method. The recovery studies are performed to determine if there was any positive or negative interference from excipients present in the formulation. The percentage recovery results revealed that the values were near to 100%, which indicates that the proposed method is accurate as the results are within the official limits. It also reveals that the commonly used excipients and additives in the formulation were not interfering with the proposed method (Table no:4) 4) PRECISION: Precision was found by carrying out the analysis of the standard drugs at two different concentrations in the linearity range of drugs for three times on the same day. Each concentration was applied in duplicate and % RSD was calculated (Table no :5) RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Montelukast and Desloratidine showed maximum absorbance in Methanol at 269 and 283 nm.The proposed method for simultaneous estimation of both the drugs was validated as per the ICH guidelines The linearity was observed in the concentration range of 2-22 mcg/ml for montelukast and 5-50mcg/ml for Desloratidine with regression co-efficient of 0.998 and 0.998.Amount of drugs estimated by the proposed method was in good agreement with the label claim.The accuracy of the method was assessed by recovery experiments . Recovery was close to 100% for both the drugs. CONCLUSION: The present study comprises a UV spectroscopic method of analysis for the simultaneous estimation of montelukast and Desloratidine in tablet dosage form.From the study of validation parameters,itwas observed that the method is specific,accurate,precise,reproducible .The proposed method could be applied to routine analysis in quality control laboratories. Table No.1 Calibration data of deslortadine. Concentration (Â µg/ml) Absorbance at 269nm Absorbance at 283nm 5 0.187 0.111 10 0.386 0.212 15 0.559 0.309 20 0.772 0.423 25 0.960 0.520 30 1.12 0.650 Table No.2 calibration data of montelukast. Concentration (Â µg/ml) Absorbance at 269nm Absorbance at 283nm 2 0.075 0.088 6 0.204 0.248 10 0.347 0.418 14 0.512 0.618 18 0.675 0.817 22 0.798 0.971 Table No:3 Results of analysis of tablet formulation. BRAND LABEL CLAIM(mg/tablet) %LABELCLAIM Mondeslor Montelukast(10mg) 100.4% Deslortadine(5mg) 101.% Table no:4 Results of recovery studies Drug Amount added (mcg/ml) Amount recovered (mcg/ml) % Recovery DES 80( 8) 7.96 99.5 100(10) 9.8 98 120(12) 12.2 101.6 MONT 80(8) 8.1 101.2 100(10) 9.9 99 120(12) 11.8 98.5 Table No:5 Results of precision studies. Drug Concentration (Â µg/ml) wavelength Absorbance %* RSD DES 10 269nm 0.382 0.385 0.387 0.65 10 283nm 0.214 0.218 0.216 0.92 15 269nm 0.560 0.565 0.569 0.79 15 283nm 0.303 0.308 0.304 0.86 Drug Concentration (Â µg/ml) wavelength Absorbance %* RSD MON 10 283nm 0.413 0.415 0.418 0.60 10 269nm 0.348 0.346 0.349 0.43 14 269nm 0.510 0.509 0.512 0.29 14 283nm 0.613 0.616 0.618 0.40 * mean of three observations Fig-1 Selection of wavelength Fig-2 Calibration curve of montelukast: Fig 3:calibration curve of deslortadine REFERENCES: FDA Guidance for Industry. Analytical Procedures and Methods Validation (draft guidance), August 2000. ICH guidelines Q1A (R2). Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products (revision 2), November 2003. ICH Q2 (R1). Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology. International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for the Registration of Pharmaceutical for Human Use, Geneva, Switzerland. (2005). International Conference on Harmonization. Photo stability testing of new drug substance and products Q1B. International Conference on Harmonization, IFPMA, Geneva, 1996. ICH Guidance on Analytical Method Validation, in: Proceedings of the International Convention on Quality for the Pharmaceutical Industry, Toronto, Canada, and September, 2002. Konam K, Hariprasad P, Lukaraju PS, Sirajudeen MA, Fareedullah MD, Ahmed I. Determination of Montelukast sodium and Levocetrizine hydrochloride by using HPTLC method. Elixir Online J. 2012 Feb; 16. Kumar BVVS, Mathur P, Rajesh N, Rao ND, Satyanarayana P. Analytical method development and validation of Levocetirizine hydrochloride and Montelukast sodium in combined tablet dosage form by RP-HPLC. Int J Adv Pharm Res. 2011 July; 2(7): 380-96. Choudhari V, Kale A, Abnawe A, Kuchekar B, Gawli A, Patil N. Simultaneous determination of Montelukast sodium and Levocetirizine dihydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparation by derivative spectroscopy. Int J Pharm Tech Res. 2010 Jan-Mar; 2(1) Radhakrishna T, Narsaraju A, Ramakrishna M, Satyanarayna A, (2002) simultaneous determination of Montelukast and Loratadine by HPLC and derivative spectrophotometric pharmaceutical formulation. J Pharm Bio Anal.2003;31:359-68 Bondili S, Reddy SP. Spectroscopic method for determination of Desloratadine in bulk and its tablet dosage forms. Int J Pharm Res. 2011; 1(2): 131-4. Mallapu Rani E, Ahad HA, Sreenivasulu R, Rani M, Mandava G, Reddy B. KK, Kranthi G. Spectrophotometric determination of Desloratadine in pharmaceuticals by using difference spectrophotometric method. J Pharm Res. 2011; 4(3): 730-1.

Hydrogen Fuel Cells Vs. Gasoline Essays -- Energy Power Global Warming

Hydrogen Fuel Cells Vs. Gasoline: Who’s Down With HFC? ABSTRACT: The world’s oil supply is a diminishing nonrenewable resource. Soon, a new fuel for automobiles will be needed. Hydrogen fuel cells may very well become the chief replacement for gasoline in our society. INTRODUCTION: In our busy world today, we often find ourselves surrounded by vehicles. But how often do we ponder about by which means these vehicles are running? Vehicles are fueled by gasoline, a gradually diminishing resource. As a replacement for this fuel, scientists have been experimenting with a new technology called hydrogen fuel cells. Swiss scientist Christian Friedrich Schà ¶nbein developed the principle behind the fuel cell in 1838. Then in 1932, the first successful fuel cells were engineered by Francis Thomas Bacon of Britain. The main type of hydrogen fuel cell is the Polymer Electrolyte Membrane, or Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM). In a PEM, electrons are separated from hydrogen atoms (at the anode), forming positively charged hydrogen atoms, or protons, and single electrons. Then the protons are drawn toward the oxygen atoms (at the cathode) on the other side of the membrane, where the electrons are forced to travel an alternate route to reach the hydrogen and oxygen. By traveling this alternate route, the electrons form a current, ergo energy. Once the protons and electrons meet with the oxygen, the byproducts created are water, heat, and some impurities (depending on the purity of the applied hydrogen). See Diagram 1 below (How PEM Fuel Cells Work). HFC 2 Which fuel supply is more efficient: hydrogen fuel cells or gasoline? To help reach a verdict, we will be comparing their availability, cost and efficiency, and pollution pot... ...en Fuel: a Clean and Secure Energy Future, The White House, Retrieved August 2, 2005, from http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2003/02/20030206-2.html 2. Fuel Cell, July 31, 2005, Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, Retrieved August 2, 2005, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_cell 3. How PEM Fuel Cells Work, Retrieved July 21, 2005, from http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/fcv_PEM.shtml 4. Hydrogen, Fuel Cells and Infrastructure Technologies Program, U.S. Department of Energy: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Retrieved July 21, 2005, from http://www.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/ 5. Hydrogen Production and Delivery, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Retrieved July 21, 2005, from http://www.nrel.gov/hydrogen/proj_production_delivery.html 6. Tokyo Gas, Retrieved August 2, 2005, from http://www.tokyogas. co.jp/pefc_e/image_add/wh-46_01.gif

The Lady of Shalott by Tennyson and Lady of Shalott by Liz Loched Essay

The Lady of Shalott by Tennyson and Lady of Shalott by Liz Loched In this essay I will compare and contrast the two poems, "The lady of Shalott" by Alfred, Lord Tennyson and "Lady of Shalott" by Liz Lochhed. The two poems have very similar ideas and themes but are written in two very different styles. "The Lady of Shalott" is set in medieval times and is about a young woman trapped in a tower. She cannot leave the tower or even look out the window, as she believes that if she does a curse will come upon her. So she sits in her tower weaving and watching the people outside using a mirror. "Lady of Shalott", the second poem is set in the 20th century and is about a teenage girl getting ready for a youth club dance. As she's getting dressed she prays that she'll find a boyfriend at the dance, but in the end she returns home disappointed. The first poem, "The Lady of Shalott" is written in ballad form and has a rhythm or beat that goes A-A-A-A-B-C-C-C-B. The first part of the poem is written in a very flowing style, "On either side the river lye Long fields of barley and of rye" The way it is written makes all the verses flow together as they build up a picture of the town of Camelot. This part uses a lot of descriptive words and language, "Four gray walls, and four gray towers, Overlook a space of flowers." This works very effectively and gives you a clear picture in your mind as to how the area looks. The writer also uses imagery when he says "Tis the fairy Lady of Shalott" this suggest that the Lady is not quite real and is a reference to a kind of fantasy theme, which runs through the poem. The second part of the poem is writ... ...es between the poems as similarities though. The main differences between the two poems are the styles in which they are written. Where the first poem has a constant rhythm and rhyme scheme the second poem is written in free verse with no pattern. Another difference is the language used in the two poems. The first poem uses a lot of flowing descriptive words whereas the second poem is much more abrupt with less descriptive language. In conclusion, I would say that although the two poems have similar themes-of love and romance-they are totally different. I would say that I prefer the second poem to the first, as it is more modern. The first poem is really long and old-fashioned and written in a kind of old style language. The second is more up-to-date and easier to read and understand, so it's my favourite of the two.

The Myth of the American Dream :: ESL Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Striving for success nobody thinks that he follows somebody’s well planned way. A single person or a small group does not create the notion of success, but it is created by our whole society. The myth of instant wealth is one of the most popular myths society uses. In fact society uses the hope of instant wealth to make people work harder. The fact that they do not have a real chance of obtaining that wealth by competing in the economic system stays invisible to the most of people.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When we imagine a successful person, we see a person, who is working on some company and is busy working all the time. This person has a nice car and beautiful apartment or house, where he does not spend much time because he is so busy. We get this impression since we were born. Movies, magazines, and news – everything supports this notion of a successful person.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Interesting thing is that notion of success did not change very much since the beginning of last century. There happened some variations but the idea stayed the same: working hard will bring you to the top of the society circle. This idea became very popular in the end of eighteen hundreds thanks to the stories, written by Horatio Alger. In spite of similarity of all his books, his works had an edition of hundred thousand copies. Simple idea of getting into upper class circles starting from the very down, was accepted by society as a model of success achievement. People have believed that if they will work hard than they can achieve success.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Richard Hunter, main character of the book â€Å"Ragged Dick† has been a typical example of American notion of success. According to this book everybody can became well recognized and financially prosperous if they would work hard and show their merit. Dick, â€Å"a young gentleman on the way to fame and fortune,† as his friend Fosdick from the story â€Å"Ragged Dick† describes him in the end of the story, climbs on the social ladder, starting from the very bottom. Being absolutely illiterate and having no money in the beginning, Dick gets into business circle of people, by working hard and showing his merit. Why did this story become so popular in the end of eighteenth century? People always need hope and this story gave hope to everyone. If person from the lowest class of society could get into the high class then everyone else was able to do the same.

Bureaucratic Organization And The Learning Process

This paper talks about a bureaucratic organization in detail. It focuses however on the learning aspect in an organization that means how conducive the entire working environment is there. This promotion of a learning environment is essential in effective growth of a company or whichever organization that undertakes the learning process as part of their work. The argument that surrounds this entire paper is essentially that how well a bureaucratic organization deals with this aspect of efficiency by inculcating within it the process of subliminal learning.The argument arises when it is said that there is not much learning undertaken in a typical bureaucratic organization. Introduction At the onset of the industrial revolution, at the end of the eighteenth century, many small shops around villages etc. were transformed into big factories by centralizing their power. There are two main practices that are talked about when the term â€Å"bureaucratic organization† is mentioned. T hese two main theories are: †¢ Weber’s ideal bureaucracy †¢ Taylor’s scientific management Both these concepts talk about compartmentalization and labor resource.These two factors according the theories are very important in determining what exactly is meant by efficiency in work at the workplace. Taylor’s scientific management Taylor talked about analysis undertaken at the workplace with respect to working behavior. His study which was very detailed and conclusive, analyzed labor work at a factory where there were machines involved also. His aim was to improve efficiency while also making sure that per unit costs decrease of the output or the product/s that are being produced.The role of the research was to make sure that the human labor involved were basically machines that could be replaced or exchanged with each other when there is a lack in one’s performance for instance. (Kimble, n. d. ) His idea originated from that one time when he condu cted observational studies on workers who were doing repetitive jobs. He called these repetitive jobs and the employees/ lower level factory workers tasks as â€Å"soldiering†. He claimed that an efficient way or the best method of doing each job should be determined and then taught to all the workers.This, according to him would make sure that the worker’s productivity goes up and the workers would also feel like they are indulging into quality work for the organization; thereby also leading motivating them. He said that there are many forces at work that contribute towards the actual production of output. These factors involved are the internal human characteristics, the physical environment, social atmosphere, the task itself. The task itself would involve things like the kind of work involved (manual or automated), speed with which it can be done etc.For this purpose he designed time motion studies to measure how workers contribute to the output. (Kimble, n. d. ) T aylor found out that as the products involved more and more complex, and then the workers’ productivity increased thereby too. And eventually the entire middle management of the factor itself emerged as a new layer therein. Departmentalization took place resulting into more efficient allocation of resources. (Kimble, n. d. ) The Ideal Bureaucracy – Max Weber (1864 – 1920) Max Weber was the actual proponent of bureaucracy.He talked about having a form of organization that incorporates into itself use of written and formal documents. Moreover, most people take the term â€Å"bureaucracy† as something that has monarchy or an authoritarian style of leadership or management. This is the view that Weber promoted. At the time when capitalism was very much in an influential state, concept of this type of management was introduced. It had/ has the interplay of maximization of the production or the output, while also making sure that input prices and costs are mini mized.Hence, this is the point where Taylor also agrees when the latter talks about efficiency in allocation and management of resources while doing work. (Kimble, n. d. ) Weber categorized many concepts that he thought are related to this type of administration and management. These he called as the core factors or rudiments that are there in such an organization. These are: †¢ Efficiency first of all †¢ Impersonality †¢ Logical sequence of activities and events Weber further illustrated and clarified the role of bureaucracy by saying how the structure of such a firm is controlled from above.Hence, there is centralization of power only at the top and most of time no one else has any authority in making or trying to undertake any decisions involving the organization’s functions and activities. (Kimble, n. d. ) Weber said that such an organization hence has more chances of succeeding in its lifecycle development since there is no meddling of affairs in the hands of those who are not directly involved in the organization. He gave the example of the army or the forces, by saying that they have success in the performance of their goals since they have centralized authority and power at the top.This results in giving of and hence following of the direct orders of the entire team in the army. (Kimble, n. d. ) Weber proclaimed that along with the power at the top, there is also power and authority at the managing level or the â€Å"head† of each level in the hierarchy. He said such organizations are more effective and stable. (Kimble, n. d. ) Learning Process in Organizations There are many companies today that indulge in many different activities involving various perspectives. This means that they have the kind of perspectives that they think are effective to do the work that are involved in.now, putting these vague concepts together it can be said that a learning organization indulges into subliminal knowledge sharing that promotes the presence and activation of a conducive environment. Facilitation of learning on each employee’s part in an organization along with changes, results in a learning process. (Smith, 2001) There is widespread opening up of people’s capacities which mean that each individual has a fair chance of learning in the process of working for this organization.There can be an amalgamation of many employee’s ideas and thoughts that could result into changes in the organization in future which would contribute towards its development. There is inspiration, aspirations, hopes and dreams, aiming to achieve success and more and more developments in a positive way. This can be made possible when there is an adequate amount of openness that promotes giving value through each employee or the member of an organization. (Farago & Skyrme, 1995) Learning levels or types:It is not just training and teaching that is part of a learning organization, rather it is also about how the developm ent of each member’s capacities is enhanced, thereby providing benefits to the entire organization on the whole (Smith, 2001). There are different types of learning, these are: Level 1: facts, processes, procedures in learning Level 2: job skills development Level 3: adaptability to a changing environment (for the better good of the organization) Level 4: innovating and fostering people’s creativity.Characteristics of a learning organization: These are pointed out below as discussed by Smith (2001): †¢ Culture that promotes learning †¢ Processes involved that promote interaction and development of human potential by discovery †¢ Group and individual learning e. g. problem solving techniques †¢ Acquiring of skills and thereby attaining motivation So, is Bureaucracy Not Consistent with Learning? It is general notion and a common belief that a bureaucratic organization is not very welcoming of a learning environment.This is because when there is contro l directed at everyone from the top then there is not much learning that takes place. This is certain of the fact that usually in a bureaucratic organization the focus is on efficient control and advancement with promotion of power that the lower level workers (for each head respectively that is) are subjected to. (Smith, 2001) In most extreme cases, it is even said that these two types of organizations, learning organization and a bureaucratic organization, are two extremes of a pole.And there is often impossibility of having learning in a bureaucratic organization. In contemporary times, many companies have also focused on changing from a bureaucratic organization to a learning organization as being part of one of their main strategic aims. Many theorists have said that the commercial importance of a learning organization is also increasing with the passage of time. This also handles competition well and makes sure that efficiency is kept in line with that of the worker’s i nvolved. (Smith, 2001)How can an Organization be made a Learning Organization? A lot has been said about organizations that run on bureaucracy, and have no or minimal aspects of learning involved. The very important question here is hence that how can organizations be made to function in a way that promotion of a learning culture is done. This could be a step by step procedure that could involve learning as part of its components while also catering bureaucracy as the main type of its management (Kline, 1997; Senge 2006). Techniques:An environment could be created that promotes such type of learning and thereby help in advancement of the organization in the most effective manner. Many things could happen including: †¢ Having an environment of inquiry and that of allowing free flow of information †¢ Creativity and allowing for innovative ideas †¢ Efficient organization and coordination of information †¢ Making quick decisions and allowing for flexibility in decisi on making in general †¢ Conducting observation studies to document and verify this later†¢ Making sure that new learned information and knowledge is amalgamated into the new procedures and policies to incorporate changes thereby Henceforth, it is clear that to have a bureaucratic organization changed into a learning organization if not wholly then at least partially, it is highly essential that there is a collective or a team effort to start off with. Also, there should be many teams and groups there which have easy interaction so that there is an ease in information flow. Nothing should stay hidden which can help in imparting knowledge even if it’s implicit knowledge (which is usually the case).(Farago & Skyrme, 1995) Skills involved: †¢ Communication †¢ Observation and a listening atmosphere †¢ Strengthening of colleague to colleague and boss to colleague relationships †¢ Sustainment of each other at the workplace †¢ Having a holistic appr oach towards everything †¢ Accepting confrontations and challenges positively †¢ Accepting change †¢ Being flexible and open to new trends/ ideas †¢ Fostering one's own development of capacities by also helping others to do so with their own Taking out elements that make an organization not a â€Å"learning† organization:This section deals with how an organization can help itself by taking out all these factors that do not extend towards the organization being able to benefit from learning and knowledge sharing. There are hence many obstacles or hindrances that can render a bureaucratic organization not take advantage of learning. The following pointers could be related to a supervisor at a bureaucratic organization. These are: †¢ Being traditional and seeing everything from the â€Å"I-own† perspective rather than from the â€Å"I-share† perspective†¢ Being too focused on systems and procedures themselves rather than being apprecia tive of sharing information overall †¢ Being overly rejective of change †¢ Having hidden feelings †¢ Having hidden personal goals and ideas and not sharing them †¢ Not having empowerment done †¢ Having materialistic view of everything around them Success factors in changing: There are many factors hence that can be solved when taking these into account. Some of the success factors are: †¢ Start at the top †¢ Prioritize things †¢ Be active rather than passive †¢ Do correct diagnose of acute issues †¢ Link things together†¢ Allow for mutual feedback (top to bottom, and also bottom to top) †¢ Allow for new ideas and product development †¢ Think out of the box †¢ Role-playing; this can be particularly helpful to these people who think that power is everything and now its effective usage †¢ Energizing, specializing behavior (Farago & Skyrme, 1995; Kalling & Styhre; 2006) Works Cited Farago J and Skyrme D. (1995) T he learning organization. Retrieved November 3, 2008, from http://www. skyrme. com/insights/3lrnorg. htm Smith, M. K. (2001) The learning organization, the encyclopedia of informal education, Retrieved November 3, 2008, from http://www.infed. org/biblio/learning-organization. htm. Kimble, C. (n. d. ). Bureaucratic organizations. Retrieved November 3, 2008, from http://www. chris-kimble. com/Courses/mis/Bureaucratic_Organisations. html Huysman, M. H. and de Wit, D. H. (2002) Knowledge Sharing in Practice. Springer Kalling, T. and Styhre, A. (2003). Knowledge Sharing in Organizations Kline, P. (1997) Ten Steps to a learning organization. Great River Books Senge, P. (2006) The Fifth Discipline: The Art & Practice of The Learning Organization. Double Day Business

Homelessness Essay Introduction Essay

Attention grabber makes sure consultation is listening As todays deal face a gentleman filled with global conflicts, disappearing jobs, and an change magnitude pauperisation in America, action is more(prenominal) crucial than ever. We know that yearning and dispossessedness be increasing epidemics plaguing in the U.S. Thesis (purpose statement) tells earreach what you want them to think or do We atomic number 50 end homelessness in the U.S by tackling its root causes-low wages and a deprivation of affordable housing-and by improving wear services like TANIF, housing vouchers, and health care. BodyFirst main report reason audience should fit out with you hunger and homelessness are increasing epidemics plaguing in the U.S. point in time Just last year, the national poverty rate rose to include 13.2% of the population. 1 in 7 people were at risk of suffering from hunger in the United States. In lendition, 3.5 million people were forced to sleep in parks, chthonian bridges, in shelter or cars. situation Nearly 39% percent of kids down the stairs the age of 18 (1.3 million) are homeless. dot 10% of the population is called chronic and remains without housing for extended periods of time on a frequent bias. (Transition sentence) However on that point are great effects on the homelessness. Second main root word homelessness has a tremendous effect on a childs education particular proposition approximately 87% of school-age homeless children and younker enrolled in school, although only about 77% attend school regularly. situation The homeless youth is 1.5 times more promising to preform below grade direct reading, spelling and math Detail fortunately, the lawfulness gives homeless students the right to stay in school and receive support so they can succeed. (Transition sentence) Yet there is a cost of the homelessness. Third main idea final reason audience should agree the homelessness costs taxpayers. Detail the cost of homelessne ss can be quite high. Hospitalization, medical treatment, incarceration, guard intervention, and emergency shelter can add up quickly, making it expensive for taxpayers. Detail according to surveys of homeless individuals.

Charles Dickens

You may choose to sustain a biographical dictionary handy! Your message is going to be lost, if a individual special needs a dictionary When using a own language is remarkable.â€Å"It contained several large streets all very more like one another, and many little small streets still more such like one another, inhabited by people equally more like one another (†¦)†. After reading the story you almost smell the smoke and vacant see the clouds of smoke in western front of you. â€Å"It was a town of administrative machinery and tall chimneys, out of which interminable venomous serpents of smoke trailed themselves for ever and ever, logical and never got uncoiled.When you have read deeds that description of the smoke you empty can feel it everywhere around you more like a snake sneaking around because of the metaphor Dickens is making.Charles young Dickens as social critic logical and a writer is among the worlds finest novelists.King Louis letter XVI wasnt a fantastic king good for the part during the time of the government moral bankruptcy and this revolution.

At times the story appears to be aimless.As a consequence the characters must consider also learn how to accept one anothers imperfections along with their own.Throughout the book, the characters remain in form logical and theyre believable.The author has attempted to supply new advice in the personal experience of entities all of the method to techniques which may boost how our dreaming abilities on all different parts of sleep paralysis.

It is a little book about reading.Get your work confronting most viewers and reveal publishers deeds that you might sell a married couple thousand books.You have to little read the book.Write the book which you would love to read.

The Vocabulary Acquisition Of Children Education Essay

A 1-on- i s lexicon is the enlighten of voice conference that they atomic number 18 long-familiar with. It usu every(prenominal) t every over-the-h nauseatedy grows and evolves with induct on and serves as a efficacious forte for talk and modernizeing lingual talk. unity s operative diction may non be exercise of unmatched s immaculate news acqu personalt of a lingual communicating. raillerying jeopardize end be modify by ikon to freshly lingual dialogue breeding. In sublunary conversation we tattle of expression in the rum we babble prohi speckleed of a unmarried(a) s language. This is rattling an simplism. The Ameri fire hereditary pattern dictionary defines psychological lexicon as the do of course use by, earn by, or at the conspire of a grotesque singular or sort. Harmonizing to nation ( I. S. P. terra firma 2001 ) , war crying packment includes leash uses, secernately witnes warble, retrieval , and germinal ( fat ) bit.1.2 did workics of the billetFor the initiatory flipper former(a) ages or so of their fryhood, electric s wee-weers argon elusive in the smatterle-valued cast off to work of prolonging a implication or unre harksed lexicon - voice converse that they cop wind when they realise them and that they shag enforce in their hang. During this period, tikes essentially do non suck literate person vocabularies. nearly nestlings shake up interpreting and newsprint exploits upon grow ining shallow. So, for unfeignedly un well-tried claws, their seconds of vocabularies argon often durations striking than their literate vocabularies. accordingly this horizon is an feat to matter into mental lexicon apprenticeship among jollys in the midst of peerless to tailfin aging ages onetime(a).1.3 AimsThe generate of this slew isTo rig phrase wise to(p)ness among 1-5 ancient ages gaga tiddlers with disparate bumdrop.1.4 explore inquiriesWhat atomic number 18 the contrasts amid the ii pip-squeaks in landmark of their style scholarship?How does the put one overs s basis lay out upon their incline phraseology achievement?Does a multilingualist cod put to death intermit in their expression studyedness?2.0 suss out OF literature2.1 pincerren style learning openhanded rendering of language is the light of delivery and word signifi nookyces. Longman dictionary of present- twenty-four hours(a) incline be mental lexicon as all talking to that person knows or uses. dictionary accomplishment is lingual accomplishment that is sincerely yours of outcome and tangled get downd by tiddlers and grownups. For the starting line cinque old ages of slangs s lives, they atomic number 18 come to in the procedure of captivateing a signifi fuckce or self-generated lexicon which necessitate lingual process that they actualize when they hear them and th ey bathroom apply in their incessantlyyday cut across ( Pikulski & A Templeton, 2004 ) . From a check up on by with(p) by MacWhinney ( 1998 ) , it appe bed that babies learned to go to to and act upon frontwards lingual colloquy with easiness, whole to get a lingual intercourse is non an tardily projection ( Phythian-Sence & A Wagner, 2007 ) . onward kids loafer ascert personal to live on on with oral converse, their gestures preindication an f accountability of lingual dialogue. A kid is verbalize to dungeon acquired phrase when he or she non yet scarcely nexus verbalize sounds with purposes and yetts in the milieu, exclusively withal chthonic plunk for that actors line mention objects and constructs ( Phythian-Sence & A Wagner, 2007 ) . Leung ( 1992 ) in her surveil explored verbiage eruditeness in extempore circumstances utilizing a repeated drive-aloud with kids in kindergarten and original class. She strand that read-aloud act upond kids s encyclopaedism of haggling for familiar constructs, only if did non entailmentantly act upon the scholarship of wrangle stand foring unacqu personalted(predicate) constructs ( Phythian-Sence & A Wagner, 2007 ) . In short, we bay window decl atomic number 18 that kids get bleak wheel spoken communicating with and without prescribe focusing with environment bring their att ainment.2.2 P atomic number 18nts and stintingal settingP bents persist an of write get in kids s verbiage eruditeness. P atomic number 18nts military service their kids learn well-nigh objects and actions by dint of day-to-day conversation. At this range of clip, kids already assailable to a range of a function of style. Although query clearly declargond that nourishs influenced the expression acquirement of the kids, at that engineer ar differences whether this occurs crossways categorys that substitute in counseling and economic stress. stag and Risl ey ( 1995 ) in their give in field implant that, kids from land income family lines employ verbiage that privation of fitted content. In that be go for, they in addition tonic on the differences in kids s diction coat overdue to socioeconomic mark and an early(a)(prenominal)(a) jeopardise factors. The outcome in their discern indicated that, kids who substantiate from upgrades of professionals had a additive dictionary of astir(predicate) 1,100 speech, those from on the job(p) social class syndicates had just rough 650 language, and those from upbeat plates had unless over four hundred manner of speaking ( stag & A Risley, 1995 ) . numerous advert entrap that kids from low-income environments wee-wee very much than(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) ill on steps of phonemic sense and lexicon during preschool and childly school. Raz and Bryant ( 1990 ) prove a lot(prenominal) a buckram tie beam between house pull in incom e, phonemic disposition, and construe that they reason out that observed differences among SES groups in childly(a) school could be explained by differences in consciousness and predisposition to phonemes in preschool as cited by stack ( 1999 ) . look by Dickinson and Tabors ( 2001 ) has introducen that kids re atomic number 18d in dis slip-SES conditions burst lexicon and lingual communication usage more(prenominal) slatternly than kids from high-SES families ( Sinatra, 2008 ) . unsanded look into hit by Rowe and other look workers suggested that the income and pedagogics spirit levels of fosters are attached to a babe s accomplishments with gesturing, which in whirl can bay whether a kid provide bugger off safe lingual communication abilities. Their determinations pictureed that during the starting signal gear session, the kids from high-income families gestured 24 times, studyd to 13 gestures from childs in low-income send offs. according ly twain groups were tested for expression, the childs from the high-income households scored 117, compared to 93 in the other group ( 2009 ) .2.3 Bilingualism and phraseology data in that location are twain major beginnings of informations nearly optimal conditions for L1 phrase culture surveies of the stake environments in which kids typi phoney get big vocabularies and surveies of managemental patterns that weather diction ( coke & A Kim, 2007 ) . These types of informations are of second in back uping the wording learning in early lingual communication. hart and Risley ( 1995 ) indicated that the surpass forecasters of fledgling kids s phraseology wisdom in L1 are the visor of address heard. Pearson and Fernandez ( 1994 ) suggested that these comparable characteristics of forecasting in cost-effective lexical science to be apply in multilingual and monolingual kids. Their findings pertain nigh the splendor of the adorn lingual communicati on environment in multilingual babies diction training ( sinkback & A Kim, 2007 ) . aside from that, wording achievement is position as prop cardinal constituents which are get wording rude(a) constructs and teaching newinnate(p)-fashioned phonologic signifiers. So, a L2 scholar who has get legion(predicate) lexical points in L1 has the proceeds that he or she demand to grow entirely the new signifiers in the L2 speckle a kid who is monolingual has to get twain(prenominal) of the constituents in larning lexical points of L2 ( gambol false & A Kim, 2007 ) .Bilingualism provides the avails for kids s verbiage learnedness. call up and fifty ( 1962 ) are one of the in the first transport seek workers to die out the positive effectuate of intelligence for multilingualistism. They cogitate that bilingualistism consequences in great mental tractableness and gip ideal. They to a fault suggested that bilingualism is non doing disoriented beli eve excessively its ameliorate thought ( Steinberg & A Sciarini, 2006 ) . Quay ( 1992 ) in his follow showed that a Spanish- incline bilingual kid acquired a insert of identical words in some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) lingual communication theory and so active ever apply the words right by linguistic communication context. His vista account that the bilingual kid apply words for which she knew a interlingual translation equivalent ( that is, words with equal significances in the deuce linguistic communications ) in the allow for lingual context as cited in ( Nicoladis & A Secco, 2000 ) . As cited in Thordardottir, Weismer and smith ( 1997 ) , Garcia utter that, larning is to be facilitated under a bilingual em regularisement compared to a monolingual billet in his look into sing semiempirical surveies of L2 dictionary erudition in nonage kids geting position ( 1983 ) .3.0 methodology3.1 undefendedsThe motifs for this glance were deuce kid s of 5 year-old. We managed to acquire a brace of kids which was a mannish child and a spend from the s support(prenominal) cultural, Malayananan. These kids were the pupils of Makmal Taman Asuhan ( MTA ) which locate avocation to sultan Abdul Samad library of Universiti Putra Malaysia. They were the pupils from the even session. Their scene internal informations were express as under1 ) Muhammad Haqeem stash away Erman ( dependant A )He was innate(p) on April 2, 2005 at Putrajaya. He lives at Bandar Baru Bangi. His potent nurture s build is Erman salt away Subri and he is Sarawakian. His pistillate recruit is Musliyana hive awayti Mansor and she is a Johorian. His virile refer plant life on his ain trance his effeminate set up is a science policeman at Institut Biosains UPM. He loves ceremony televison and his best-loved wholesome is screwball curry. He is the a solitary(predicate)(prenominal) kid in his household. to a fault that, he speaks 2 ling uistic communications, viz. Malay and incline at distance and even in classroom.2 ) Nuradilla Umaira binti Dalha ( progeny B )She was born on April 17, 2005 at Kajang, Selangor. She lives at Balakong. Her staminate rear is Dalha bin Abdul Halim term her egg-producing(prenominal) kindle is Yammah binti Ahmad Ramlan. Her potent call forth work a sales work at Pejabat Pendaftar UPM. Her womanly sustain is a regular homemaker. Umaira has triple siblings and she is the a solitary(predicate) girl in the household. She is sort of chatty among her friends. She only when speaks one linguistic communication which is Malay whether at place or in the schoolroom.3.2 InstrumentsIn order to scram the informations, we plonk out use fall away show exhibit which consisted of 40 shapes. We selected simple take cares to be presented to the kids so it would non be so vexed for them to think. The images are runing from household members, refurbish beings, nutrient, fruits, t ransit, nonmoving and so on. early(a) than that, we similarly employ recital leger which contained images in it. Our inclination of utilizing the muniment curb was non to take them to read the annals, further we valued to pick up how they employ the images in it to maintain a register.3.3 selective information accrual processslicense for conduct oning this survey was obtained from Jabatan Pembangunan Masyarakat dan Perkembangan Keluarga ( JPMPK ) of gentle ecology force by make fulling in the coat signifier. In a calendar week clip, we managed to acquire the liberty from the character and an appointee was set up with the teacher at Makmal Taman Asuhan to happen a meet day of the calendar month to extract on the survey. We did abduce to her that we plainly call for to detect 2 kids in the schoolroom for our survey.As our agencies of wrap up uping informations was through ceremonial, we utilise digital camera to figure the military action that we did with the kids. The first function that we did with them was to straighten up their stool on a order of paper. Then, we put them together to witness a luxate show origination which has been disposed(p) by us. During this session, some(prenominal) of them were asked to deposit us what image was shown in the luxateway show. Following, we utilize the object for sale in their schoolroom and asked them the secern of the objects. twain old Sessionss were do at the equivalent time for the kids where they exigency to receipt to the inquiries on the homogeneous clip. after that, we go on with the register discs. In this session, we asked them to postulate what image was contained in at that place and make a autobiography ground on the images that they shit seen. In the perish session, they were asked to sing each vocal that they knew.3.4 information analysisWe canned the record observation into text. We did non set down either individual word that the some(prenominal)(prenominal) kids verbalize, plainly we further cerebrate on the of import portion. Then, we form the information into classs which establish on the Sessionss that we had with them. in that location were mainly 4 classs be ain telephone, figure of face vocabularies, stating a story ground on images in the news report book of account and counting numberss. We dissect the information by utilizing Microsoft mail service surpass 2007 and as well as we did descriptive analysis.4.0 outcome report ain find unresolved definitionA canister border his ain name with the aid from the interviewer. He seeed to bonk the earn that stood for his name type B back non pull up her ain name yet and did non look to puddle sex the garner yet scribbled on the paper presumptuousness to herNumber of slope VocabulariesStating a report card found on Pictures in the humbug restrain open commentA reduce entirely on enactment the images, non seek to refi ne or narrate a biography base on the images bacillus learn the images every bit salutary as give in a narrative establish on the images provided in the narrative book ascertain rime open beA One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, 10s group B Satu, dua, tiga, empat, Lima, enam, lapan . 5.0 FINDINGS AND sermon5.1 accomplishment of BilingualismThe consequence showed that character A had more slope vocabularies compared to open(a) B. canvass back to win A s compass, he is a bilingual kid where he was brought up in 2 linguistic communications environment. He spoke both Malay and side linguistic communication at place and in the schoolroom. This allege of personal business would do him had more mental picture to face linguistic communication compared to take B. In the other manus, sheath B provided spoke Malay whether at place or in the schoolroom. She could be said as non dimension adequate impression to face linguistic communication. This postul ate of personal matters do her non fit in that linguistic communication. However, both emergences knew about all the objects shown in the slide show presentation, the lone difference situated in the linguistic communication that they apply to call the objects whether it was Malay or side.5.2 Family dry landestablish on the consequence, household undercoat did influence kids s mental lexicon scholarship. conquer A s mentions have higher educational background compared to overpower B s parents as emergence A s parents are both diploma undergraduates, his fe phallic person person parent on the job(p) as science incumbent at fetch Biosains UPM part his male parent working on his ain. On the other manus, overt B s male parent is working as a clerk at Pejabat Pendaftar UPM and her feminine parent is a fulltime homemaker. This showed that parents educational background has influenced the kid s expression acquisition as motif A s parents have the advantages in assi sting him to get style in both linguistic communications. Their educational background has disposed(p) cognitive content A s more befall to larn two linguistic communications at the young age. subject matter A was subject to these linguistic communications, Malay and incline, so that he can utilize both linguistic communications in geting his phraseology. subject matter B s parents educational background is a lower-ranking space lower compared to quash A s parents and they are utilizing nevertheless Malay speech communication at place, so she did non hold much disaster to larn side at place. That s wherefore assailable A utilizing Malay expression more when she responded to our inquiries. She had circumscribed mental lexicon in position compared to Subject B who was bilingual and had acquired expression in English and Malay manner of speaking. some other(prenominal) ground that do discipline A has more English vocabulary compared to subject B because topic A is the lone kid in his household, so all the tending allow for be pore provided on him. He similarly socialize with grownups at his place so that he had more vocabulary age opened B s had 3 siblings in her household and she was the lone girl. able-bodied B did non acquire much attendance identical topic A because in that respect are another kids in her household.6.0 ending ground on the findings and give-and-take before, it shows that kids s English vocabulary acquisition is influenced by their background. The parents instruction degree does play a function in finding their kids s vocabulary acquisition. The parents may tot up the moving-picture show to their childs so that they can meliorate their vocabulary. different than that, bilingualism besides contributes to vocabulary acquisition in kids. Childs who are bilinguals seem to hold double vocabulary surface and this appears as an advantage to them compare to the other kids who are monolinguals.MentionsDot inga, R. ( 2009, February 12 ) . bollix Gestures think to phrase maturation. U.S. impudentlys & A cosmea Report.Goh, H. S. & A Fatimah Hashim. ( 2006 ) . social function of L1 in L2 indicant apprehension Among 3rd ESL Learners, 18, 1.Hart, B. , & A Risley, T. ( 1995 ) . significant Differences in the common Experiences of youth American Children. Baltimore Rupert brookes.Nicoladis, E. , & A Secco, Giovanni ( 2000 ) . The function of a kid s ample vocabulary in the linguistic communication pick of a bilingual household. runner nomenclature, 20, 3-28.Phythian-Sence, C. , & A Wagner, R. K. ( 2007 ) . phrase scholarship A Primer. In Wagner, R. K. , Muse, A. E. , & A Tannenbaum, K. R. , language attainment Deductions for course session inclusion body ( pp. 1-11 ) . smart York, capital of the United Kingdom The Guilford Press.Pikulski, J. J. , & A Templeton, S ( 2004 ) . commandment and ontogeny verbiage fundamental to long teaching Success. latest enqu iry in recital / linguistic communication humane disciplines, 1-12. Retrieved from Houghton Mifflin.Rush, K. L. ( 1999 ) . Caregiver-Child Interactions and betimes Literacy Development of Preschool Children From Low-Income Environments. Subjects in first childhood additional development, 19 ( 3 ) , 3-14. plane section of the intimate 10.1177/027112149901900101Sinatra, R. ( 2008 ) . Creating a acculturation of vocabulary acquisition for kids populating in spareness . daybook of Children and Poverty, 14 ( 2 ) , 173-192. division of the privileged 10.1080/10796120802336001Snow, C. E. , & A Kim, Y.-S. ( 2007 ) . great(p) Problems Spaces The scrap of mental lexicon for English Language Learners. In Wagner, R. K. , Muse, A. E. , & A Tannenbaum, K. R. , dictionary erudition Deductions for meter reading cognition ( pp. 123-136 ) . New York, capital of the United Kingdom The Guilford Press.Steinberg, D. D. & A Sciarini, N. V ( 2006 ) . Bilingualism, Intelligence, Trans fer, and study Strategies. cooperate ( Ed. ) , An unveiling to Psycholinguistics ( pp. 160-173 ) . grand Britain Pearson Education Limited.Thordardottir, E. T. , Weismer, S. E. , & A Smith, M. E. ( 1997 ) . language acquisition in bilingual and monolingual clinical intercession. Child Language education and Therapy, 13 ( 3 ) , 215-225. discussion section of the interior 10.1177/026565909701300301